A common question from clients is whether running a business incurs more taxes compared to earning a salary. This analysis explores the tax differences for $100,000 from different income source. The analysis uses the 2023 tax rates and considers a single individual’s federal taxes, excluding state taxes. The examples are simplified for comparison, and actual tax liabilities depend on individual circumstances.
Salary Income ($100,000 W-2)
Social Security and Medicare Tax (Employee Portion): 7.65% = $7,650
Standard Single Income Tax: approximately $14,266
Total Tax: $21,916
C Corporation ($100,000 Net Income)
Corporate Income Tax (21%): approximately $21,000
Double Taxation on Dividends: If profits are distributed as dividends, shareholders pay personal income tax on the dividends, leading to double taxation. If the C Corp retains earnings, there is no immediate tax impact on shareholders.
Sole Proprietorship / Single Member LLC ($100,000 Net Income)
Qualified Business Deduction: Considered
Self-Employment Tax (Social Security and Medicare Tax): approximately $14,129
Income Tax: approximately $9,228
Total Tax: $23,357
Partnership ($100,000 Net Income)
Income Passed Through to Partners: Similar tax treatment as sole proprietorship. Each partner’s share is reported on their personal tax returns (via K-1).
S Corporation ($100,000 Net Income)
Reasonable Salary Requirement: $40,000 W-2
Social Security and Medicare Tax: $6,120 (7.65% for both employer and employee)
Income Composition: $40,000 salary + $60,000 S Corp K-1
Qualified Business Deduction Considered: approximately $11,626
Total Tax: $17,746
While the above calculations are rough estimates, they demonstrate that an S Corp can be more tax-efficient at this income level, which is why many companies prefer forming an S Corp. However, each business structure has its pros and cons, and suitability varies by individual circumstances. Additionally, tax filing fees differ among structures. C Corp, Partnership, and S Corp require separate filings for the company and shareholders, leading to higher fees, whereas Sole Proprietorship/Single Member LLC filings reflect on the individual’s tax return, typically resulting in lower fees.
This simplified guide aims to help understand the tax implications of different income sources.